Which resource is most secure for accessing cloud resources without direct internet access?

The bastion host is considered the most secure resource for accessing cloud resources without direct internet access because it acts as a secure gateway. It is specifically designed to provide access to resources in a cloud environment from potentially untrusted networks while minimizing exposure to threats.

A bastion host typically runs minimal services, reducing the attack surface and is fortified against unauthorized access. It often implements strict access controls, including authentication mechanisms, making it an essential component in secure network architectures. By delivering a single point of entry, it allows administrators to control and monitor access effectively, ensuring that only authenticated users can reach internal resources.

In contrast, while a proxy server can provide some level of security by filtering traffic and managing requests, it does not offer the hardened environment specifically designed to secure sensitive access like a bastion host does. A VPN connection provides a secure tunnel for communication over the internet, but it does not inherently limit exposure to other risks without additional configurations or controls. A load balancer is mainly utilized for distributing incoming traffic among multiple servers, enhancing performance and reliability rather than securing access to cloud resources.

Therefore, the bastion host stands out as the most appropriate resource for accessing cloud environments securely without direct internet access.