Which process involves identifying security weaknesses in systems?

Identifying security weaknesses in systems is a critical aspect of maintaining cybersecurity, and vulnerability scanning is specifically designed for this purpose. This process involves using automated tools to systematically assess a network or system for known vulnerabilities, such as outdated software, configuration issues, and potential entry points for attackers.

Vulnerability scanning helps organizations understand their security posture, allowing them to prioritize remediation efforts based on the identified risks. It is a proactive approach in security management, providing a comprehensive overview of potential weaknesses before they can be exploited by malicious actors.

While patching refers to the process of updating software to fix vulnerabilities, it does not identify weaknesses; instead, it addresses them after they have been recognized. Penetration testing goes a step further by simulating attacks to exploit identified vulnerabilities, but it is not primarily focused on the initial identification of weaknesses. Network monitoring involves ongoing surveillance of network traffic to detect anomalies and threats, but it also does not specifically target the identification of inherent system weaknesses.